Pendidikan, Kapabilitas, dan Ketahanan Masyarakat pada Kawasan Rawan Bencana Karst di Gunungkidul

• Rina Fitriyani

  SMK Negeri 2 Wonosari

  Author

• Budi Dwisetiyani

  Save Rescue Indonesia

  Author

• Juni Putra Nugraha

  Tim Reaksi Cepat BPBD DIY

  Author

Kawasan karst Gunungkidul merupakan wilayah yang memiliki kerentanan terhadap berbagai ancaman bencana, seperti kekeringan, banjir, tanah ambles (sinkhole), dan longsor. Berbagai program pengurangan risiko bencana telah dilaksanakan melalui pembangunan infrastruktur, penyediaan sistem peringatan dini, serta peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat. Namun demikian, pendekatan yang digunakan masih didominasi oleh perspektif teknokratis yang menempatkan masyarakat sebagai objek penerima program. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan pendidikan, kapabilitas, dan ketahanan masyarakat dalam menghadapi risiko bencana karst menggunakan perspektif Capability Approach yang dikembangkan oleh Amartya Sen. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi lapangan dan wawancara serta kepustakaan dengan pendekatan analisis konseptual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapsiagaan bencana dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk kapabilitas masyarakat yang memungkinkan individu dan komunitas mengakses informasi, memahami risiko, mengambil keputusan, serta melakukan tindakan mitigasi secara mandiri maupun kolektif. Pendidikan formal, pendidikan nonformal, dan pembelajaran berbasis komunitas berperan penting dalam memperluas kapabilitas masyarakat. Ketahanan masyarakat terhadap bencana tidak hanya ditentukan oleh ketersediaan sumber daya fisik, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan masyarakat dalam mengubah sumber daya tersebut menjadi tindakan yang bermakna. Tulisan  ini menegaskan pentingnya pembangunan masyarakat tangguh bencana yang berorientasi pada penguatan kapabilitas warga dan memanfaatkan kearifan lokal sebagai bagian dari strategi pembangunan berkelanjutan di kawasan karst.

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